Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP) is a viral disease that affects domestic cats, causing a range of clinical symptoms and often leading to death. FIP is caused by a type of virus called feline coronavirus (FCoV), which mutates within the infected cat's body to cause the disease. It is believed that certain factors, such as the cat's genetics, immune response, and viral strain, play a role in determining whether an FCoV infection will progress to FIP or not.
FIP is characterized by a variety of clinical signs, including weight loss, fever, lethargy, poor appetite, and fluid accumulation in body cavities (such as the abdomen or chest). The disease can affect multiple organ systems, including the liver, kidneys, and nervous system, leading to a wide range of symptoms. FIP primarily affects young cats under the age of two, although older cats with compromised immune systems are also susceptible.
Diagnosing FIP can be challenging, as there are no definitive tests available. Veterinarians often rely on a combination of clinical signs, laboratory tests, imaging techniques, and examination of fluid samples to make a suspected diagnosis. Unfortunately, treatment options for FIP are limited and often palliative, focusing on managing symptoms and providing supportive care to improve the affected cat's quality of life.
Prevention of FIP primarily involves reducing exposure to FCoV, which can be achieved by practicing good hygiene, minimizing overcrowding among cats, and promptly isolating and testing any cats suspected of being infected. Vaccines against FIP are available, but their efficacy remains controversial, with limited protection offered in certain circumstances.
