Anti HIV drugs are a category of medications that are specifically developed to combat the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection. HIV is a retrovirus that attacks the immune system, specifically the CD4 cells (also known as T-helper cells), which are crucial in fighting off infections and diseases. Anti HIV drugs work by inhibiting the replication of the virus, reducing its impact on the immune system, and delaying the progression of HIV to Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS).
These drugs fall into several classes, such as nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs), protease inhibitors (PIs), fusion inhibitors, integrase inhibitors, and entry inhibitors. Each class targets different stages of the HIV life cycle and functions by either preventing the conversion of the viral RNA into DNA, blocking the enzymes required for viral replication, or interfering with the binding of the virus to CD4 cells.
Anti HIV drugs are typically used in combination therapy, known as Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) or Antiretroviral Therapy (ART). The combination of different drugs from various classes helps to minimize the chances of viral resistance and maximizes the suppression of viral replication. They are prescribed to individuals who are infected with HIV, regardless of the stage of their disease, and are also used for prophylactic purposes to prevent HIV transmission, such as in cases of occupational exposure or after potential exposure incidents.
While these drugs are not a cure for HIV, they have revolutionized the treatment of the infection by effectively controlling viral replication, preserving immune health, and improving the quality of life for individuals living with HIV.
