An aporic gland, commonly known as the "oil gland," is a specialized gland found in the skin of certain organisms, particularly birds. These glands are responsible for secreting an oily substance known as preen oil or uropygial oil, which plays an essential role in maintaining the health and condition of the feathers and skin.
Aporic glands are typically located near the base of the tail or on the upper surface of the rump in birds. These glands consist of a cluster of modified skin cells that produce the thick, waxy substance. The secretion is a combination of lipids, fatty acids, alcohols, and other substances that create a protective coating on the feathers when birds spread the oil with their beaks during preening.
Apart from providing waterproofing properties, the preen oil released by aporic glands also possesses antimicrobial and antioxidant properties, which help to keep the feathers and surrounding skin healthy. Additionally, the oil aids in the reduction of parasites such as feather lice and mites.
In summary, aporic glands are specialized skin glands found in birds that secrete a protective oily substance. This preen oil is crucial for maintaining the integrity, health, and cleanliness of the feathers, providing waterproofing, and offering protective benefits against pathogens and parasites.
