Arachis hypogaea, commonly known as peanut or groundnut, is a plant species that belongs to the family Fabaceae. It is a leguminous plant that is primarily cultivated for its edible seeds, which are enclosed in pods that develop underground. The name "hypogaea" is derived from Latin, meaning "under the earth," referring to the subterranean growth pattern of the peanuts.
Peanuts are rich in protein, fiber, oil, and various essential nutrients, making them an important crop worldwide. The plants are typically small, growing to a height of about 1-2 feet, and have a maturing cycle of about 4 to 5 months. The leaves are pinnate, consisting of four elongated leaflets, and the flowers are yellow, shaped like pea blossoms, developing into the pods.
Arachis hypogaea is native to South America, particularly Brazil and Bolivia, but it is now widely cultivated in various regions with warm climates, such as Africa, Asia, and the southern United States. Peanuts are usually grown in sandy soils, as excessive moisture can lead to diseases and root rot.
Cultivation of Arachis hypogaea requires well-drained soil and regular watering. The seeds are usually sown directly into the ground, and the plant develops pegs that penetrate the soil to facilitate the formation of the peanut pods. Harvesting is done when the plant has matured, and the pods are carefully dug out of the ground.
Apart from being a nutritious food source, peanuts are also utilized in the production of cooking oil, peanut butter, snack foods, and confectionery products. Additionally, Arachis hypogaea is valued for its ability to fix nitrogen in the soil, making it beneficial in
