Arctic rainbow smelt, scientifically known as Osmerus mordax, is a species of small, slender fish primarily found in the Arctic and subarctic regions of North America. This fish is part of the smelt family and is named for its vibrant colors and the arctic habitats it inhabits.
The Arctic rainbow smelt typically measures between 15 to 20 centimeters in length and possesses a silvery-blue or greenish coloration, often marked with pinkish or purple hues on its lateral sides. It has a streamlined body shape with a slightly forked tail, allowing for agile movement through the water. This species is known for its diadromous behavior, meaning it migrates between freshwater rivers and the ocean for different stages of its life cycle.
Arctic rainbow smelt predominantly inhabit cold, freshwater environments such as lakes, rivers, and estuaries. They are often found in large schools near the surface, feeding on small invertebrates, zooplankton, and occasionally fish fry. Given their crucial role in the food chain, these smelts serve as a valuable source of food for many larger predatory fish, birds, and marine mammals.
The Arctic rainbow smelt is commercially harvested for both human consumption and as bait for recreational fishing. Additionally, it is an important species for scientific research due to its sensitivity to changes in water temperature and environmental conditions, making it a useful indicator for assessing the health of aquatic ecosystems in the Arctic. Overall, the Arctic rainbow smelt plays a significant ecological and economic role within its native range.
