Arnold Chiari Deformity, also known as Chiari malformation, is a structural abnormality that affects the brain and spinal cord. It is characterized by the displacement of the lower part of the cerebellum, primarily the cerebellar tonsils, through the opening at the base of the skull called the foramen magnum.
This condition is classified into different types based on the severity and anatomical features. Type I Chiari malformation is the most common, and it involves a downward displacement of the cerebellar tonsils into the foramen magnum. Type II Chiari malformation, also known as Arnold Chiari malformation, is often associated with spina bifida and involves more extensive displacement of both the cerebellum and brain stem into the spinal canal.
The deformity can lead to compression and obstruction of the normal flow of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), increasing pressure inside the skull and causing a range of symptoms. These symptoms may vary from person to person but can include headaches, neck pain, balance and coordination difficulties, cognitive impairments, swallowing problems, and in some cases, spinal cord dysfunction.
Diagnosis of Arnold Chiari Deformity is typically made through a combination of medical history analysis, physical examination, and imaging tests such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to visualize the brain and spinal structures.
Treatment for Arnold Chiari Deformity may involve a multidisciplinary approach, addressing the symptoms and underlying causes. Surgical intervention is often necessary to create more space for the brain and spinal cord and relieve pressure on the affected structures. Depending on the severity, surgery may involve decompression of the area, removing a portion of the skull and/or spinal bones, and occasionally placing a shunt to redirect the flow of CSF. Physical therapy
