Calmette Guerin Bacillus Vaccine, commonly referred to as BCG vaccine, is a type of vaccine that is derived from a weakened strain of the bacterium Mycobacterium bovis. It is primarily used for the prevention of tuberculosis (TB) and is one of the most widely used vaccines for this purpose.
The BCG vaccine is typically administered through intradermal injection and contains live attenuated bacteria. These bacteria, which have been weakened in the laboratory, stimulate an immune response in the body without causing the full disease. This immune response helps protect individuals from developing active TB infection if they come into contact with the bacterium in the future.
Although primarily used for TB prevention, the BCG vaccine has also shown some efficacy in protecting against leprosy and certain types of bladder cancer. However, its preventive benefits in these areas are less well-established compared to TB prevention.
The BCG vaccine is recommended for individuals who have an increased risk of TB exposure or for those who live in areas with a high prevalence of the disease. It is commonly administered to newborns or young children in countries where TB is endemic.
It is important to note that the BCG vaccine can cause localized side effects at the injection site, such as redness, swelling, and a small sore or blister. These side effects are generally mild and resolve on their own without any specific treatment.
Overall, the Calmette Guerin Bacillus Vaccine is an important preventive measure used to combat tuberculosis and other related infections, offering protection to those at risk and contributing to global efforts to control these diseases.
