Capillary bronchitis, also known as bronchiolitis, is a medical condition characterized by inflammation and congestion of the bronchioles, which are the small airways or tubes in the lungs. It primarily affects infants and young children.
The term "capillary bronchitis" is derived from the word "capillary," referring to the tiny blood vessels in the lungs that are affected by the inflammation, and "bronchitis," indicating the inflammation of the bronchioles. It is typically caused by a viral infection, most commonly respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), although other viruses such as adenovirus, influenza, and parainfluenza viruses can also be responsible.
Symptoms of capillary bronchitis often begin with a runny or stuffy nose, cough, and mild fever, similar to those of a common cold. However, as the infection progresses, it affects the bronchioles causing wheezing, rapid or difficulty breathing, and a persistent cough. In severe cases, it can lead to difficulty feeding, dehydration, and respiratory distress.
Diagnosis of capillary bronchitis is typically based on the presence of symptoms and the clinical examination of the patient. Additional tests, such as a chest X-ray or laboratory tests, may be conducted to rule out other underlying conditions.
Treatment for capillary bronchitis focuses on alleviating symptoms and supporting the patient's respiratory function. This may include keeping the airways clear, ensuring proper hydration, administering medications to relieve cough and congestion, and, in severe cases, hospitalization for further care and monitoring. Preventive measures, such as hand hygiene, proper ventilation, and avoiding contact with infected individuals, can help reduce the risk of contracting capillary bronchitis.
