Carotid Artery Cavernous Sinus Fistula (CCF) is a medical condition characterized by an abnormal connection or fistula between the carotid artery and the cavernous sinus. The carotid artery is a major blood vessel that supplies oxygenated blood to the brain, while the cavernous sinus is a venous structure located behind the eye.
CCF occurs when there is an abnormal communication between the high-pressure carotid artery and the low-pressure cavernous sinus. This often happens due to a tear or rupture in the walls of either the carotid artery or the cavernous sinus. As a result, blood flows directly from the carotid artery into the cavernous sinus, bypassing the normal pathways.
This abnormal blood flow can lead to a variety of symptoms, including pulsating or throbbing headache, dilated blood vessels in the eye, impaired vision or double vision, eye redness and swelling, and symptoms of increased intracranial pressure such as nausea or vomiting. The severity of symptoms can vary depending on the location and size of the fistula.
Diagnosis of CCF typically involves a combination of physical examination, imaging techniques such as computed tomography (CT) scans or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and angiography. Treatment options include conservative approaches, such as medication to manage symptoms, or more invasive procedures like endovascular embolization or surgical repair to close off the abnormal connection.
Overall, Carotid Artery Cavernous Sinus Fistula is a condition characterized by an abnormal connection between the carotid artery and the cavernous sinus, leading to symptoms and potential complications associated with altered blood flow in these structures.
