Carotenoids are a class of pigments found in plants, algae, and some microorganisms, which provide bright, vibrant colors to fruits, vegetables, and other natural sources. They belong to the larger group of compounds called terpenoids, which are made up of carbon and hydrogen atoms.
Carotenoids are responsible for the red, orange, and yellow hues observed in many plants and organisms. They play various roles in these organisms, including attracting pollinators, protecting against harmful ultraviolet radiation, and participating in photosynthesis processes. Additionally, carotenoids act as antioxidants, helping to neutralize harmful free radicals and reducing oxidative stress within the body.
Over 600 different carotenoids have been identified, with the most common ones being beta-carotene, lycopene, lutein, and zeaxanthin. These carotenoids are often found in abundance in fruits and vegetables like carrots, tomatoes, spinach, and kale.
Carotenoids also have potential health benefits when consumed by humans. They are precursors to vitamin A, which is important for vision health, immune function, and development. They are also associated with a reduced risk of chronic diseases, such as certain types of cancer and cardiovascular diseases. Furthermore, carotenoids have been studied for their anti-inflammatory properties and potential role in promoting skin health.
In summary, carotenoids are natural pigments found in plants, algae, and some microorganisms, offering vibrant colors and potential health benefits to both the organisms themselves and those who consume them.
