The cinnabar moth, scientifically known as Tyria jacobaeae, is a species of moth belonging to the family Erebidae. It is native to parts of Europe, North Africa, and Asia. The moth derives its name from its characteristic vivid red-black coloration, which resembles the mineral cinnabar.
The adult cinnabar moth has a wingspan of around 32-42 millimeters, with forewings showcasing a bold pattern of alternating red and black bars. Its hindwings are mainly red-orange. The moth is primarily active during the day and is commonly seen from May to August, flying in meadows, woodlands, gardens, and other open habitats.
The larvae of the cinnabar moth are one of its most striking features. They are distinguished by their vibrant yellow and black banded appearance, which serves as a warning to predators of their toxic nature. These larvae primarily feed on various species of ragwort plants (Senecio spp.), which contain toxic alkaloids. Consequently, the cinnabar moth larvae assimilate these chemicals, making them poisonous and deterring predators.
The ecological significance of the cinnabar moth lies in its role as a biocontrol agent. It has been introduced to several countries, including the United States, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand, to manage invasive ragwort populations. The larvae of the cinnabar moth are voracious eaters and significantly reduce ragwort infestations, thereby assisting in the preservation of native flora and protection of livestock, which can be negatively impacted by ragwort toxicity.
In summary, the cinnabar moth is a striking insect characterized by its red-black coloration, active diurnal behavior, and toxic larvae. It plays a crucial role in the control of ragwort plants,
