A corneal ulcer is a medical condition characterized by an open sore or lesion that develops on the cornea, which is the transparent outermost layer of the eye. It typically occurs as a result of an infection, injury, or prolonged inflammation that damages the corneal tissue.
Corneal ulcers can be caused by various factors, including bacterial, fungal, or viral infections, as well as foreign bodies in the eye, contact lens overuse, inadequate tear production, or certain autoimmune diseases. The ulceration of the cornea can lead to significant discomfort, pain, and visual disturbances.
Symptoms of a corneal ulcer commonly include eye redness, eye pain, itching, blurred vision, sensitivity to light, excessive tearing, discharge from the eye, and the feeling of having something in the eye. If left untreated, corneal ulcers can lead to severe complications, such as corneal scarring, perforation, or vision loss.
The diagnosis of a corneal ulcer is typically made through a comprehensive eye examination, which may involve a visual acuity test, slit-lamp biomicroscopy, corneal staining with special dyes, and possibly cultures to identify the causative organism.
Treatment for corneal ulcers varies depending on the underlying cause, severity, and extent of the ulcer. It often involves the use of antibiotic or antiviral eye drops or ointments to target the infection, along with lubricating eye drops to keep the eye moist and provide relief. In some cases, oral medications or surgical intervention, such as corneal transplantation, may be necessary.
Prompt and appropriate management of corneal ulcers is essential to prevent complications and preserve vision.
