Coronary artery disease (CAD), also known as coronary heart disease or ischemic heart disease, is a medical condition characterized by the narrowing or blockage of the coronary arteries that supply blood and oxygen to the heart muscle. This narrowing occurs due to the accumulation of fatty deposits, called plaques, within the arterial walls, resulting in a reduced blood flow to the heart.
The coronary arteries are responsible for ensuring a continuous supply of oxygenated blood to the heart muscle, enabling it to function properly. However, when plaque build-up occurs, it restricts the blood flow, leading to various symptoms and complications associated with coronary artery disease.
Common risk factors for coronary artery disease include unhealthy diet, lack of physical activity, smoking, high blood pressure, high cholesterol levels, obesity, diabetes, and a family history of the disease. Symptoms of CAD can range from chest pain or discomfort, also known as angina, to shortness of breath, fatigue, rapid heart rate, and even heart attack.
Prevention and management of coronary artery disease involve lifestyle modifications such as adopting a heart-healthy diet, regular exercise, smoking cessation, and maintaining a healthy weight. Medications may also be prescribed to control high blood pressure and cholesterol levels. In severe cases, surgical interventions like angioplasty or coronary artery bypass surgery may be required to improve blood flow to the heart.
Coronary artery disease is a prevalent and serious medical condition that can lead to significant morbidity and mortality if not properly managed. Early detection, appropriate treatment, and lifestyle modifications are crucial for maintaining heart health and reducing the risk of complications.
