Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) is a highly infectious RNA virus belonging to the family Nairoviridae. It is the causative agent of Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF), a severe and often fatal illness primarily observed in Africa, Asia, Europe, and the Middle East.
The virus is transmitted to humans through the bites of infected ticks, particularly the Hyalomma genus, and occasionally through contact with infected animal blood or tissues. CCHFV can also be transmitted from person to person through direct contact with the blood or body fluids of an infected individual.
CCHFV infection typically manifests as a febrile illness, followed by symptoms such as severe headache, muscle aches, joint pain, and often bleeding. In severe cases, the disease progresses to hemorrhagic manifestations, including internal bleeding, and can lead to organ failure and death.
The genome of CCHFV consists of a single-stranded RNA molecule, which encodes various structural and non-structural proteins that contribute to the virus's replication and pathogenesis. The virus primarily targets endothelial cells, immune cells, and liver cells, leading to vascular damage, immune dysfunction, and liver abnormalities.
Diagnosis of CCHFV infection is typically done through laboratory testing, including PCR, antigen detection, and serology. Currently, there is no specific antiviral treatment available for CCHF, and treatment mainly involves supportive care. Prevention of CCHFV infection relies on avoiding tick bites, implementing appropriate infection control measures, and practicing safe handling of infected animals or their tissues.
