Diplegic Infantile Cerebral Palsy (ICP) is a term used to describe a type of cerebral palsy that predominantly affects the muscle movements and coordination of a child's lower limbs. Cerebral palsy is a neurological disorder that occurs due to damage or abnormalities in the developing brain, specifically in the areas responsible for motor control.
In diplegic ICP, the main symptoms are bilateral muscle stiffness and tightness, primarily affecting the legs, while the upper body may be less affected or show milder symptoms. The muscle stiffness in the lower limbs often results in abnormal muscle tone, making movements difficult and stiff. This can manifest as a scissoring gait, where the legs cross or scissor with each step.
Children with diplegic ICP may also experience difficulties with balance, coordination, and motor skills, such as crawling, walking, or running. Fine motor skills, like grasping objects or writing, may also be impacted to varying degrees. Other associated complications may include sensory impairments, visual impairments, and speech difficulties, although these may vary greatly from individual to individual.
The underlying cause of diplegic ICP is typically prenatal brain damage, occurring before or during birth. This can be due to factors such as oxygen deprivation, infections, maternal health issues, or genetic abnormalities. Early diagnosis and intervention are crucial for managing the symptoms and improving the child's overall development. Treatment often includes a multidisciplinary approach involving physiotherapy, occupational therapy, speech therapy, and assistive devices to aid mobility and enhance independence.
