Dural arteriovenous fistula (DAVF) is a medical condition characterized by an abnormal connection between arteries and veins within the dura mater, the outermost layer of the meninges that surrounds the brain and spinal cord.
In a healthy individual, blood flows from arteries to capillaries, and then into veins, carrying oxygen and nutrients to various tissues and organs. However, in a dural arteriovenous fistula, there is an abnormal direct connection between an artery and a vein within the dura mater, bypassing the capillary network. This abnormal connection disrupts the normal blood flow, resulting in increased pressure and altered blood flow patterns within the affected area.
The exact cause of dural arteriovenous fistulas is not yet fully understood. However, they can arise spontaneously or be acquired as a result of trauma, surgery, or underlying conditions such as venous hypertension or arteriovenous malformations. DAVFs are typically found in the intracranial region, but they can also occur within the spinal cord.
The symptoms of dural arteriovenous fistulas can vary depending on the affected location and severity. Common symptoms may include pulsatile tinnitus (ringing in the ears synchronized with the heartbeat), headaches, visual disturbances, neurological deficits, and seizures. If left untreated, DAVFs can lead to serious complications such as intracranial hemorrhage and neurological deficits.
Treatment options for dural arteriovenous fistulas include endovascular embolization, which involves blocking the abnormal blood vessels using medical devices, or surgical intervention to remove or repair the abnormal connection. The choice of treatment depends on several factors, including the location, size, and complexity of the DAVF, as well as the overall health
