Equine abortion virus refers to a highly contagious and potentially fatal viral infection in horses, specifically affecting pregnant mares. This virus, scientifically known as Equine Herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1), belongs to the family Herpesviridae and is primarily responsible for causing abortions, or the premature termination of pregnancies, in affected mares.
EHV-1 can be transmitted through close contact, respiratory secretions, or indirect contact with contaminated objects such as equipment, feed, or water troughs. Once inside the horse's body, the virus primarily targets the vascular system of the placenta, potentially disrupting the blood supply to the developing fetus and leading to abortion.
Symptoms of equine abortion virus infection may vary but can include fever, nasal discharge, respiratory issues, lethargy, and loss of appetite. In some cases, the infection may progress to more severe complications such as neurological disorders, including unsteady gait, paralysis, and difficulty urinating.
Prevention and control of equine abortion virus mainly revolve around strict biosecurity measures, including quarantine protocols for affected horses, separate housing arrangements, and disinfection of equipment and facilities. Vaccines are available to protect against EHV-1, albeit with varying effectiveness.
Given the potential seriousness and economic implications of equine abortion virus infections, prompt veterinary intervention is crucial. Proper diagnosis can be made through laboratory testing of blood, placental tissue, or fetal fluids. Treatment is primarily supportive, focusing on managing symptoms and providing care to affected animals.
