Equine arteritis virus (EAV) is a contagious virus that affects horses and can lead to equine viral arteritis (EVA), a viral disease. EAV belongs to the family Arteriviridae and the genus Alpharterivirus. It is classified as a positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus.
EAV primarily affects horses and related species, including donkeys, mules, and zebras. It is primarily transmitted through respiratory secretions, such as nasal discharge, saliva, or respiratory droplets, although it can also be transmitted through sexual contact or contaminated instruments.
The virus targets the arterial endothelial cells, which are the inner lining of blood vessels. This leads to inflammation and damage to the blood vessel walls. The clinical signs of EVA can vary from mild respiratory symptoms to severe systemic illness. Horses may develop fever, depression, anorexia, nasal discharge, coughing, swelling of the legs, and eye and reproductive issues.
EVA can have significant economic implications for the equine industry due to its impact on breeding. The virus can cause fetal death, abortion, or the birth of weak foals. In some cases, it can also lead to stallions becoming long-term carriers and shedding the virus during breeding.
Prevention and control measures include testing and quarantine of affected horses and vaccination. Proper biosecurity practices, such as isolation of infected horses, disinfection of equipment, and practicing good hygiene, are also crucial to prevent the spread of the virus.
Overall, equine arteritis virus is a contagious viral pathogen that affects horses and other equine species, causing equine viral arteritis and potentially impacting the equine industry and breeding.
