The external maxillary artery is a significant branch of the external carotid artery, a major blood vessel that supplies oxygenated blood to the face, scalp, and neck. Specifically, the external maxillary artery arises from the superficial temporal artery, located above the zygomatic arch - a prominent bony structure on the side of the skull. It serves as a crucial vascular pathway for the distribution of blood in the facial region.
Traversing a course that lies deep within the tissues of the face, the external maxillary artery gives rise to several branches that provide blood supply to various anatomical structures. These branches include the middle temporal artery, the frontal and parietal arteries, the posterior auricular artery, and smaller vessels such as the transverse facial and anterior auricular arteries.
The external maxillary artery plays a pivotal role in nourishing the superficial areas of the face, including the scalp, cheek, jaw, and temple regions. It provides oxygen and nutrients to these structures, helping to maintain their optimal functioning. Additionally, the external maxillary artery also aids in regulating temperature by delivering warm or cool blood to these areas, contributing to thermoregulation.
Understanding the anatomy and function of the external maxillary artery is crucial for medical professionals in various specialties, including plastic surgery, maxillofacial surgery, and oral medicine, as it is often involved in procedures such as reconstructive surgeries, facial trauma management, and dental implantology.
