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Federalised is an adjective derived from the verb "federalize," meaning to organize or establish a system of government in which power is divided between a central authority and individual regional or state governments. It refers to the act of creating a federal system or transforming an existing unitary government into a federal structure.
A federalised system is characterized by the existence of multiple levels of government with distinct jurisdictions and responsibilities. This facilitates the sharing of power and the delegation of certain powers to regional or local governments, while reserving other powers for the central authority. The constitution typically delineates the powers and responsibilities of each level of government, ensuring that they work in tandem and cooperate to provide governance and serve the needs of the citizens.
In a federalised system, the central government typically retains significant powers, such as defense, foreign affairs, and national economic policy, while regional or state governments usually have jurisdiction over matters such as education, healthcare, transportation, and law enforcement within their territories. This distribution of power aims to balance national unity with regional autonomy, providing greater political representation and accommodating local differences and preferences.
Federalised systems can be found in various countries worldwide, such as the United States, Canada, Germany, and Australia. The adoption of federalism is often pursued to accommodate diverse societal, cultural, or linguistic differences within a country, promote stability, and prevent the concentration of power in a single authority.
The word "federalised" is derived from the noun "federal", which comes from the Latin word "foedus", meaning "league" or "treaty". In English, "federal" has been used since the 17th century to refer to a system or form of government where power is divided between a central authority and constituent units (such as states or provinces) that retain considerable autonomy. The suffix "-ize" has been added to "federal" to form the verb "federalize", which means to organize or unite under a federal system. The past tense form of this verb is "federalized", which is often written as "federalised" in British English, following British spelling conventions.
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