A fingernail is a small, hard, and translucent growth that covers the upper surface of each finger and thumb in humans. It is a modified form of the epidermis, the outermost layer of the skin. Fingernails are composed of a tough protein called keratin, which is also present in other body parts like hair and skin. They are predominantly seen in primates, particularly in humans. Serving as a protective covering, fingernails play a crucial role in safeguarding the sensitive fingertips and underlying tissues from external damage.
Typically, fingernails have a curved, slightly crescent-shaped appearance. They grow from the base of the nail called the matrix, located beneath the skin at the root. The growth rate of fingernails varies depending on several factors, such as age, nutritional status, and overall health. On average, fingernails grow at a pace of approximately 0.1 millimeters per day.
Apart from their protective function, fingernails also serve aesthetic purposes. Many individuals groom and maintain their nails, indulging in practices such as trimming, filing, and shaping. Nail manicures and polishes are also common means of enhancing the appearance of fingernails.
In some cultures, fingernails hold symbolic significance, with decorative nail art or extended nails being a form of self-expression or cultural identity. Furthermore, the condition of the fingernails can sometimes provide insights into a person's overall health, as abnormalities or changes in color, texture, or shape may indicate underlying medical conditions.
