A Fixed Action Pattern (FAP) refers to a series of innate and stereotyped behavioral sequences that are triggered by specific stimuli in a particular species. It is a preprogrammed reaction to a specific stimulus that is observed across multiple individuals of a species, regardless of their individual experiences or learning. Fixed Action Patterns are commonly observed in various organisms, including animals and even humans.
These patterns are characterized by their automaticity and stereotypy, meaning they are instinctual, almost reflex-like, and consistently performed in the same manner every time. Once triggered by the appropriate stimulus, a fixed action pattern will unfold in a specific sequence until completion, even if interrupted or modified mid-cycle.
The stimuli triggering a FAP are known as sign stimuli or releasers. These may include specific visual, auditory, or olfactory cues that elicit the innate behavioral response. Once the action pattern has started, it usually continues to completion, regardless of its relevance or practicality in a given situation.
Fixed Action Patterns have evolutionary benefits for organisms as they ensure the species' survival and reproductive success by aiding in the completion of crucial activities such as nest-building, mating rituals, territorial defense, or feeding. However, they can also be exploited by predator-prey relationships or manipulated by parasites or other organisms to their advantage.
Overall, the Fixed Action Pattern is a term used to describe a preprogrammed, stereotypical behavioral sequence triggered by specific stimuli, which aids in the survival and reproduction of organisms within a species.
