Foot and Mouth Disease Virus (FMDV) is a highly contagious viral infection that affects cloven-hoofed animals, including cattle, pigs, sheep, and goats. The virus belongs to the genus Aphthovirus, family Picornaviridae, and it is characterized by its ability to cause blisters or erosions in the mouth and on the feet of infected animals.
FMDV is transmitted through direct contact with infected animals, contaminated objects, or through inhalation of respiratory droplets. It can spread rapidly within susceptible populations, posing a significant threat to livestock industries worldwide. The disease is not zoonotic, meaning it does not typically transfer from animals to humans.
Clinical signs of FMDV infection include fever, loss of appetite, excessive salivation, lameness, and the formation of painful blisters on the tongue, lips, nasal region, feet, and teats. Affected animals also experience a decrease in milk production, weight loss, and reduced fertility, leading to economic losses for farmers and industries.
Prevention and control of FMDV primarily rely on strict biosecurity measures, including quarantine, movement restrictions, disinfection of premises, and vaccination. Prompt detection and reporting of outbreaks are crucial to limit the spread of the virus and minimize its impact on livestock production.
Due to its highly contagious nature and potential for severe economic consequences, FMDV is categorized as a notifiable disease by many countries and international organizations, and strict measures are implemented to prevent its introduction and spread across borders.
