Gambian fever, also known as Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF), is a severe viral illness that belongs to the genus Nairovirus, and it is transmitted to humans through ticks. The disease was first identified in the Gambia in 1969, hence the name "Gambian fever," but it has also been reported in various parts of Africa, Europe, Asia, and the Middle East.
The symptoms of Gambian fever usually appear within 3-7 days after being bitten by an infected tick. They can range from mild to severe and include fever, headache, muscle aches, fatigue, dizziness, and gastrointestinal disturbances such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. In some cases, Gambian fever progresses to a severe form with internal bleeding, liver dysfunction, and kidney failure, posing a high risk of mortality.
The primary mode of transmission for Gambian fever is through the bite of infected ticks, primarily those from the genus Hyalomma. The virus can also be transmitted through contact with infected animal blood or tissues, particularly during slaughter or handling of infected animals. Person-to-person transmission is rare but can occur through close contact with bodily fluids of an infected individual.
There is currently no specific antiviral treatment for Gambian fever, and management primarily focuses on supportive care, including maintaining hydration, managing symptoms, and providing appropriate medical interventions to address complications. Preventive measures such as avoiding tick-infested areas, using tick repellents, wearing protective clothing, and proper handling and slaughtering of animals can help to reduce the risk of contracting Gambian fever.
