A genetic paternity test, also known as DNA paternity testing, is a scientific procedure used to determine the biological relationship between a purported father and a child. This test relies on analyzing the genetic material, specifically the DNA, of both individuals involved, as well as the potential biological mother if available.
The process of a genetic paternity test starts by collecting DNA samples from the alleged father, child, and, when possible, the mother. These samples are typically gathered through the painless and non-invasive method of swabbing the inside of the cheeks, which contains enough DNA material for analysis.
The collected samples are then sent to a certified laboratory where the DNA is carefully examined. The laboratory experts compare the DNA sequences of the individuals being tested to identify genetic similarities or differences. By analyzing specific regions of the DNA called genetic markers, the paternity test determines the likelihood of a biological relationship between the tested man and child.
The results of a genetic paternity test are typically provided as a probability of paternity, represented as a percentage. A probability of 99% or higher is generally considered conclusive evidence of biological fatherhood, while a probability below 1% indicates exclusion of paternity.
Genetic paternity tests are highly accurate and are widely accepted as the most reliable method for establishing paternity. They are used in legal and personal contexts, such as child custody and support cases, inheritance claims, immigration procedures, and personal curiosity inquiries.
