The term "helium group" is typically used in the field of chemistry, specifically in the context of the periodic table and the classification of elements. It refers to a group of chemical elements located in Group 18, also known as Group VIII A or Group 0. The helium group consists of the elements helium (He), neon (Ne), argon (Ar), krypton (Kr), xenon (Xe), and radon (Rn).
The key characteristic that defines this group is the presence of a completely filled outer electron shell, making these elements highly stable and unreactive. This is due to the fact that these elements have achieved the desired electron configuration, known as the "octet rule," by possessing eight electrons in their outermost energy level (except for helium, which has only two electrons). Consequently, the helium group elements have minimal tendencies to engage in chemical reactions and form compounds with other elements.
Moreover, these elements are all in the gaseous state at room temperature and atmospheric pressure, and they are collectively referred to as "noble gases" because of their noble and unreactive nature. Beyond their stability, the helium group elements have various industrial and scientific applications. In particular, helium is widely used as a coolant in certain applications, while argon and xenon find use in lighting technologies and lasers. Additionally, the radioactive element radon is of interest due to its potential health hazards. Altogether, these elements exhibit unique properties and play significant roles in various fields of science, industry, and everyday life.
