HOLLIDAY JUNCTION Meaning and
Definition
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A Holliday junction is a four-way DNA structure that forms during homologous recombination or genetic recombination processes. It is named after Robin Holliday, who first proposed its existence in 1964. In molecular biology, the junction is formed when two DNA double helices align and exchange genetic material through a process called crossing over.
This DNA structure consists of two double-stranded DNA molecules that are joined together in a cross-shaped arrangement. The junction is stabilized by the presence of protein complexes, such as resolvases, that help in the unwinding and resolution of the crossed DNA strands. The Holliday junction plays a crucial role in the rearrangement and recombination of genetic information between homologous chromosomes, leading to genetic diversity and the creation of new combinations of genes.
Understanding the structure and function of the Holliday junction is significant in numerous biological processes, including DNA repair, meiosis, and the maintenance of chromosome stability. It serves as a key intermediate during these processes, allowing for the exchange of genetic material and promoting genetic diversity, which is vital for the evolution of species.
In summary, a Holliday junction is a four-way DNA structure that forms during genetic recombination. It is essential for the exchange of genetic material between DNA molecules, promoting genetic diversity and playing a crucial role in various biological processes.
Common Misspellings for HOLLIDAY JUNCTION
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Etymology of HOLLIDAY JUNCTION
The word "Holliday junction" is derived from the name of the scientist who first described this particular DNA structure, Robin Holliday. In 1964, Robin Holliday proposed a model for DNA recombination and demonstrated the existence of a specific DNA structure that plays a crucial role in the process. This structure involves four strands of DNA coming together, forming a cross-shaped junction. The scientific community named this structure the "Holliday junction" in honor of Robin Holliday's pioneering work.
