Infectious Arteritis Virus of Horses, also known as Equine Viral Arteritis (EVA), is a contagious viral disease that primarily affects horses but can also affect other equine species such as donkeys and mules. It is caused by the Equine Arteritis Virus (EAV), a member of the Arteriviridae family.
EVA is transmitted through respiratory secretions, including nasal discharge and droplets expelled during coughing and/or sneezing. It can also be spread by direct contact with body fluids from infected individuals or through contaminated objects such as equipment or bedding. The virus can survive in the environment for a short period, increasing the risk of transmission.
The disease affects the respiratory and reproductive systems of horses, causing a range of symptoms such as fever, coughing, nasal discharge, lethargy, and poor appetite. In some cases, EVA can also lead to more severe complications, including abortion in pregnant mares, pneumonia, and inflammation of the blood vessels.
Control measures for EVA include quarantine and isolation of infected or suspected animals, strict biosecurity protocols, and vaccination. Vaccination can help reduce the severity and spread of the disease, although it does not provide complete protection. Breeding animals and imported horses are usually screened for EVA to prevent the introduction of the virus into naïve populations.
In conclusion, Infectious Arteritis Virus of Horses, or Equine Viral Arteritis, is a contagious viral disease affecting horses and other equine species. It is primarily transmitted through respiratory secretions and can cause respiratory and reproductive problems. Control measures focus on quarantine, isolation, strict biosecurity protocols, and vaccination.
