ISLET AMYLOID POLYPEPTIDE Meaning and
Definition
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Islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP), also known as amylin, is a hormone that is produced and secreted by the beta cells in the pancreas. It is commonly found in the islets of Langerhans, thus the name islet amyloid polypeptide. IAPP plays a crucial role in regulating glucose homeostasis and is involved in the control of appetite and satiety.
The primary function of islet amyloid polypeptide is to regulate blood glucose levels alongside insulin. It works by inhibiting glucagon secretion, which is a hormone that raises blood sugar levels. By reducing glucagon release, IAPP helps maintain stable blood sugar levels and prevents hyperglycemia.
Islet amyloid polypeptide is also known for its role in appetite regulation. It acts on the central nervous system to reduce food intake and induce satiety, making it an important hormone in regulating body weight.
However, in certain conditions such as type 2 diabetes, the production and secretion of islet amyloid polypeptide can become impaired. This can lead to the formation of amyloid fibrils, which are insoluble protein aggregates that accumulate in the islet cells. The deposition of these fibrils is associated with beta cell dysfunction and can contribute to the development of diabetes complications.
In conclusion, islet amyloid polypeptide is a peptide hormone produced by the pancreas that regulates glucose homeostasis and plays a role in appetite regulation. Its dysfunction is associated with certain diseases, particularly type 2 diabetes.
