Kenya Fever, also known as Rift Valley Fever (RVF), is a viral disease primarily affecting animals, with occasional transmission to humans. This zoonotic infection is caused by the Rift Valley Fever virus, a member of the Phlebovirus genus within the Bunyaviridae family. The virus is predominantly found in Africa, particularly in the Rift Valley region, which includes Kenya, giving rise to the name "Kenya Fever."
In animals, Kenya Fever primarily affects domesticated livestock such as cattle, sheep, goats, and camels. The virus is transmitted through the bite of infected mosquitoes, as well as through contact with contaminated blood, tissues, or body fluids of infected animals. RVF can cause significant damage to livestock populations, resulting in economic losses through reduced meat and milk production, abortions, and high mortality rates.
In humans, Kenya Fever generally manifests as a mild febrile illness, but it can progress to more severe forms, such as hemorrhagic fever or encephalitis, in a small percentage of cases. Symptoms in humans include fever, headache, muscle and joint pain, photophobia, and liver abnormalities. Transmission to humans occurs through contact with infected animals, mosquito bites, or exposure to contaminated animal tissues.
Due to the potential for rapid spread, high morbidity, and significant economic impact, Kenya Fever is considered a public health concern and is closely monitored by international health organizations and veterinary services. Prevention and control measures include mosquito control, vaccination of animals, and safe handling and disposal of animal tissues to minimize human exposure.
