Kleine Levin Critchley Syndrome, also known as KLS or "sleeping beauty syndrome," is a rare neurological disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of excessive sleepiness or hypersomnia that can last for days, weeks, or even months. The syndrome was first described by Willi Kleine in 1925, and later by Lord Critchley in 1942.
During an episode, individuals with KLS experience an overwhelming need to sleep for extended periods, often up to 20 hours a day. They may have difficulty waking up, leading to a state of prolonged sleep that can last for days or even weeks. When awake, these individuals may exhibit cognitive and behavioral abnormalities, such as confusion, irritability, and altered perception.
KLS primarily affects teenagers and young adults, usually beginning during puberty. The frequency of episodes can vary, with some individuals experiencing them only once or twice a year, while others may have more frequent occurrences. The cause of KLS remains unknown, although viral or genetic factors may play a role.
Although there is no cure for KLS, treatment options aim to manage the symptoms and reduce the frequency and duration of episodes. Stimulant medications, such as amphetamines or modafinil, may be prescribed to combat excessive sleepiness, while mood stabilizers or anti-seizure medications can help regulate mood and behavior. Most individuals with KLS tend to outgrow the syndrome by their mid-30s, with the episodes becoming less frequent and severe over time.
In summary, Kleine Levin Critchley Syndrome is a rare neurological disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of excessive sleepiness lasting for days or weeks, primarily affecting teenagers and young adults.
