Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma is a type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) that originates from the mucosa associated lymphoid tissue. MALT refers to the immune system's collection of lymphoid tissue that is located in different organs throughout the body, primarily in areas that are in direct contact with environmental antigens, such as the lining of the respiratory, gastrointestinal, and genital tracts.
MALT lymphoma specifically arises from B-lymphocytes, which are a type of white blood cell that normally helps fight infections. However, in MALT lymphoma, these B-cells undergo genetic alterations, leading to the uncontrolled growth and accumulation of malignant cells within the mucosal tissues.
The exact cause of MALT lymphoma is not yet fully understood, although it is associated with chronic inflammation resulting from certain infections (such as Helicobacter pylori in gastric MALT lymphoma) or autoimmune diseases. This lymphoma primarily affects adults, typically in their 50s or older.
Clinically, MALT lymphoma commonly presents with nonspecific symptoms such as fatigue, weight loss, night sweats, and abdominal pain. Diagnosis typically involves a biopsy of the affected tissue, followed by specialized testing to confirm the presence of MALT lymphoma.
Treatment options for MALT lymphoma depend on various factors, including the stage and location of the disease. They may include surgical removal of the affected tissue, targeted drug therapy, radiation therapy, or chemotherapy. Prognosis generally depends on the stage of the disease, with early-stage MALT lymphoma having a favorable outcome, while advanced stages may require more aggressive treatment approaches and have a potentially poorer prognosis.
