An oncogene is a gene that has the potential to cause cancer. Most of the time, these genes remain dormant or are regulated by the body's natural defense mechanisms against cancer. However, in certain situations, oncogenes can become activated and promote the development and progression of cancerous cells.
On the other hand, an onco suppressor gene, also known as a tumor suppressor gene, is a gene that functions to prevent or reduce the risk of cells turning cancerous. These genes play a critical role in controlling cell growth, division, and repair processes, ensuring that these processes occur in a controlled and orderly manner. When an onco suppressor gene is functioning normally, it helps to suppress the formation of tumors and keep cells healthy.
However, mutations or changes in these genes can lead to the loss or reduction of their normal tumor suppressor function. When an onco suppressor gene is mutated or inactivated, it can no longer perform its anti-cancer role, which can result in unchecked cell growth, division, and the development of cancer.
The loss of onco suppressor gene function is often associated with an increased risk of developing certain types of cancer. Examples of well-known onco suppressor genes include TP53 (p53), BRCA1, BRCA2, and APC.
Understanding the role of onco suppressor genes and their interaction with oncogenes is crucial for comprehending the molecular mechanisms underlying cancer development. Targeting these genes and their associated pathways holds promise for the development of novel cancer therapies and prevention strategies.
