Orbital fracture refers to a type of facial injury or fracture involving any of the bones surrounding the eye socket or orbit. The orbit is a bony cavity in the skull that houses and protects the eyeball, as well as various structures related to vision, such as the muscles, nerves, and blood vessels. Orbital fractures are commonly caused by significant trauma to the face, such as blunt force or direct impact.
This type of fracture can encompass various bones, including the ethmoid bone, frontal bone, zygomatic bone, and maxilla. Depending on the severity and location of the fracture, it may affect any or all of these bones. The severity of an orbital fracture can also vary, ranging from a small crack or split in the bone to a complete break or displacement.
Symptoms of an orbital fracture may include swelling and bruising around the eye, double vision, restricted eye movement, pain, and deformity of the eye or surrounding area. In severe cases, there may be injuries to the eye itself, such as a ruptured globe.
Diagnosis of an orbital fracture typically involves a comprehensive physical examination, including visual acuity tests, eye movements, and a detailed assessment of the surrounding facial structures. Imaging studies like X-rays, CT scans, or MRI scans can help confirm the diagnosis, assess the extent of the fracture, and guide treatment decisions.
Treatment for orbital fractures may involve surgery, especially for displaced fractures that affect the alignment of the eye or cause visual impairment. Surgery aims to repair and reconstruct the fractured bones, restore normal eye function, and minimize any cosmetic deformities. Non-surgical management, such as pain management, use of ice packs, and antibiotics to prevent infection, may also be employed in certain cases.
Overall, an orbital fracture is a facial injury involving
