Orchiectomies, also known as orchidectomies, refer to surgical procedures that involve the removal of one or both testicles (orchiectomy) or ovaries (oophorectomy). This medical operation is typically performed for various reasons, including the treatment of testicular or ovarian cancer, removal of a source of hormone production, gender confirmation surgery, or management of certain conditions like testicular torsion or polycystic ovary syndrome.
Testicles and ovaries are essential reproductive organs that produce hormones responsible for various functions within the body. Therefore, orchiectomies aim to eliminate the primary hormone production site, which may serve therapeutic purposes in specific medical situations. For instance, in the context of cancer treatment, removing affected testicles or ovaries can prevent the spread of malignant cells and halt hormone-driven tumor growth.
Orchiectomies can be performed through open surgery, laparoscopy (minimally invasive procedure using small incisions and a camera), or robotic-assisted techniques. The choice of approach is usually determined by the patient's condition and the surgeon's expertise.
After an orchiectomy, patients may experience temporary or permanent changes in hormone levels, fertility, and sexual function. Hormone replacement therapy may be administered to manage these effects and maintain optimal hormone balance. Additionally, post-operative care involves monitoring for potential complications, such as infection, bleeding, or fluid accumulation.
Overall, orchiectomies are surgical interventions primarily aimed at removing one or both testicles or ovaries for therapeutic, curative, or gender-affirming purposes. These procedures require careful consideration by healthcare professionals and patients to ensure the best outcomes and subsequent management of any physiological changes.
