The term "plexus maxillaris externus" refers to a complex network of nerves located in the facial region known as the maxilla or upper jaw. It is part of the larger trigeminal nerve, which is responsible for transmitting sensory information from the face, head, and oral cavity to the brain. The plexus maxillaris externus specifically innervates the external or superficial structures of the face, including the skin, muscles, and glands, enabling their sensation and movement.
This nerve plexus is formed by the merging of three main branches of the trigeminal nerve: the zygomatic, infraorbital, and superior alveolar nerves. The zygomatic nerve provides sensory innervation to the skin over the cheekbone and the outer portion of the eyelid, while the infraorbital nerve supplies sensation to the skin of the lower eyelid, upper lip, and the side of the nose. The superior alveolar nerve, on the other hand, gives sensory innervation to the upper teeth and gums.
The plexus maxillaris externus plays a crucial role in facilitating various facial functions by relaying sensory information to the brain, allowing individuals to feel touch, pain, and temperature in the external structures of their face. Additionally, it helps in coordinating muscle movements involved in facial expressions, such as smiling or frowning. Understanding the anatomy and function of the plexus maxillaris externus is essential in diagnosing and treating various conditions affecting the facial region, including injuries, infections, or disorders that may affect its normal functioning.
