Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is a pathogenic virus that belongs to the Phlebovirus genus of the Bunyaviridae family. It is primarily transmitted by mosquitoes and affects both humans and animals. The virus is named after the Rift Valley region in Africa where it was first identified in the 1930s.
In humans, Rift Valley fever (RVF) infection can manifest as a mild flu-like illness, but it can also progress into a severe and potentially fatal condition. Symptoms may include fever, headache, muscle pain, joint pain, and red eyes. In more severe cases, individuals may experience hemorrhagic fever, neurological complications, or severe liver abnormalities.
RVFV primarily affects livestock, including domesticated animals like cattle, sheep, goats, and camels. Animals infected with the virus typically show symptoms such as fever, weakness, abortion in pregnant females, and high mortality rates. RVF can cause significant economic losses due to reduced livestock productivity and trade restrictions.
The main mode of transmission of RVFV to humans is through the bites of infected mosquitoes. However, transmission can also occur through exposure to infected animals and their tissues, blood, or other body fluids. There is no specific treatment for RVF, and management primarily focuses on supportive care and prevention of complications. Vaccines are available for animals but not for humans.
Due to its potential to cause widespread outbreaks and its impact on both human and animal health, Rift Valley fever virus is considered a significant public health concern, particularly in regions where the virus is endemic. Effective surveillance, mosquito control measures, and public awareness campaigns are crucial for preventing and managing RVF outbreaks.
