Sandfly fever Naples virus, also known as Toscana virus, is a member of the phlebovirus genus within the family Bunyaviridae. It is transmitted primarily through the bite of infected sandflies and is known to cause sandfly fever, a widespread febrile illness prevalent in Mediterranean countries, particularly Italy.
Sandfly fever Naples virus is a single-stranded RNA virus that is characterized by its segmented genome consisting of three segments – small, medium, and large. The virus is primarily transmitted to humans by the phlebotomine sandfly, primarily belonging to the Phlebotomus genus, which acts as both the vector and reservoir for the virus.
Symptoms of sandfly fever caused by this virus typically include sudden onset of fever, headache, muscle and joint pain, fatigue, and, in some cases, a skin rash. The fever usually lasts for a few days, with complete recovery within one to two weeks. Severe complications or fatalities are rare.
Diagnosis of sandfly fever Naples virus infection can be done through various laboratory techniques, including polymerase chain reaction (PCR), which detects viral genetic material, and serological tests, which detect antibodies produced by the infected individual.
Prevention and control of sandfly fever Naples virus primarily revolve around personal protective measures, such as avoiding exposure to sandflies, using insect repellents, and wearing protective clothing. Additionally, vector control measures including the use of insecticides and environmental management techniques can be effective in reducing the population of sandflies.
In conclusion, Sandfly fever Naples virus is a pathogenic RNA virus transmitted by sandflies, causing a febrile illness characterized by fever, headache, and muscle pain.
