A Sertoli cell tumor is a rare type of sex cord-stromal tumor that predominantly affects the testicles in males. It is characterized by the abnormal growth of Sertoli cells, which are the supportive cells present in the seminiferous tubules of the testicles. These tumors usually arise from the Sertoli cells in the testes and can occur at any age, but are most commonly found in children and young adults.
Sertoli cell tumors are often benign, meaning they do not spread to other parts of the body. However, in some cases, they can be malignant and have the potential to metastasize to nearby tissues and organs. The exact cause of Sertoli cell tumors is not well understood, but they are thought to be influenced by certain genetic and hormonal factors.
Typical symptoms of Sertoli cell tumors include testicular swelling, pain, or discomfort. Some patients may also experience hormonal disturbances, such as gynecomastia (enlargement of breast tissue), reduced libido, or abnormal sexual development. Diagnosis is typically made through a combination of physical examination, imaging tests (ultrasound, MRI), blood tests (e.g., tumor markers), and sometimes a biopsy.
Treatment options for Sertoli cell tumors depend on several factors including the size of the tumor, whether it is benign or malignant, and the patient's age and overall health. Surgical removal of the tumor (orchiectomy) is often the primary treatment and may be complemented with additional therapies such as radiation therapy or chemotherapy if necessary. Regular follow-up examinations and monitoring of hormone levels are generally recommended after treatment.
