The word "shrunken" is spelled with a "ru" combination which is pronounced as /rʌ/ in IPA phonetic transcription. This sound is made by rounding the lips slightly and producing a short, unstressed "u" sound. The "k" at the end of the word is pronounced as /k/, which is a voiceless velar plosive made by stopping the airflow in the back of the mouth and then releasing it suddenly. Together, these sounds create the word "shrunken," which means to have become smaller or contracted.
Shrunken is an adjective that describes something that has become smaller in size or has decreased in its dimensions, typically due to the effects of shrinking or contraction. It refers to the act or process of becoming reduced in size, often resulting in a condensed or compacted appearance.
In a literal sense, shrunken is commonly associated with objects or materials that have been subjected to heat or moisture, causing them to contract and lose their original size or shape. For instance, when a woolen sweater is washed improperly in hot water, it may become shrunken, resulting in a smaller and tighter fitting garment.
In a figurative sense, shrunken can describe situations or concepts that have diminished or decreased. It may refer to a reduced or diminished level of something, such as a shrunken income, shrunken resources, or a shrunken audience. It can also be used to describe a person who appears physically smaller due to age or illness, often denoting frailty or a loss of vitality.
Overall, shrunken relates to the act or state of becoming smaller, either physically or metaphorically. It conveys a sense of contraction or reduction, often implying a decrease in size, quantity, or quality.
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Etymological and pronouncing dictionary of the English language. By Stormonth, James, Phelp, P. H. Published 1874.
The word shrunken derives from the past participle form of the verb shrink. The term shrink can be traced back to the Old English word scrincan, which means to contract, draw in, shrivel. From there, it evolved into the Middle English word shrincen, and later transformed into shrink in Modern English. The suffix -en corresponds to the past participle form of verbs in English, thus forming shrunken as the past participle of shrink.