Sphinxes are mythical creatures that feature prominently in ancient Greek and Egyptian mythology. The word "sphinx" derives from the Greek "sphingein," meaning "to strangle" or "to squeeze," perhaps reflecting the enigmatic nature of these beings.
Generally, sphinxes are depicted as having the body of a lion and the head of a human or animal—usually a woman in Greek mythology. The most famous representation is the Great Sphinx of Giza, which has the body of a lion and the head of a pharaoh. Sphinxes are known for their mysterious and wise demeanor, often acting as symbols of unraveled riddles and guardians of hidden knowledge.
Sphinxes are often associated with their ability to pose riddles or puzzles to those who approach them, typically threatening their lives if they fail to answer correctly. One classic example is the riddle posed by the Greek Sphinx to travelers, asking: "What walks on four legs in the morning, two legs in the afternoon, and three legs in the evening?" The answer, of course, is a human who crawls as an infant, walks upright in adulthood, and uses a cane in old age.
In broader terms, the term "sphinx" can also refer to any representation of a creature with a lion's body and a human or animal head, regardless of cultural origin. These representations can be found in various forms, including statues, carvings, and paintings, often serving as protective and guardian figures in temples, palaces, and other important structures.
