Struma is a medical term used to describe an abnormal enlargement of the thyroid gland. The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped organ located in the neck, responsible for producing hormones that regulate metabolism, growth, and development. In cases of struma, the thyroid gland becomes significantly enlarged, resulting in a visible swelling in the neck.
Struma is typically caused by an underlying condition or disorder, most commonly iodine deficiency. Iodine is a crucial nutrient required for the production of thyroid hormones. When the body lacks an adequate amount of iodine, the thyroid gland enlarges in an attempt to collect more of this essential mineral. Other factors that may contribute to the development of struma include autoimmune diseases like Hashimoto's thyroiditis, which causes chronic inflammation of the thyroid gland, or Graves' disease, which results in an overactive thyroid.
The symptoms of struma can vary depending on the underlying cause, but commonly include a visible swelling or lump in the neck, difficulty swallowing or breathing, hoarseness, fatigue, weight gain or loss, and mood changes. If left untreated, struma can lead to complications such as the formation of nodules within the thyroid gland, which may require further evaluation, or hyperthyroidism, a condition characterized by excessive production of thyroid hormones.
Treatment for struma depends on the underlying cause and severity of the condition. It often involves medication to regulate thyroid hormone levels, dietary modifications to increase iodine intake, or in some cases, surgical removal of part or all of the thyroid gland. Regular monitoring and follow-up with a healthcare professional are essential to manage struma effectively.
