The superior alveolar artery is a branch of the infraorbital artery, which originates from the maxillary artery, a major blood vessel in the head and neck region. It is responsible for supplying blood to the upper jaw, particularly the maxillary teeth and associated structures.
The superior alveolar artery typically arises from the infraorbital artery as it passes through the infraorbital foramen, located on the maxilla. It then divides into several smaller branches that spread throughout the upper jaw, sending blood to the alveolar process or ridge, which supports the maxillary teeth.
This artery also supplies blood to the periodontal tissues, including the gingiva (gums), periodontal ligament, and the surrounding bone. It plays a vital role in maintaining the health and vitality of the dental structures by providing oxygen and nutrients to these tissues.
Any disruption or blockage in the flow of blood through the superior alveolar artery can lead to potential complications, such as compromised tooth vitality, impaired wound healing, or periodontal diseases.
In summary, the superior alveolar artery is a subdivision of the infraorbital artery that supplies blood to the upper jaw, primarily the maxillary teeth and supporting structures. It functions to maintain the overall health and viability of the dental tissues through the provision of oxygen and nutrients.
