The superior cerebellar artery (SCA) refers to one of the three main arteries supplying blood to the cerebellum, a part of the brain responsible for coordinating voluntary movements, balance, and posture. The SCA originates from the basilar artery, which arises from the vertebral arteries that carry blood from the heart to the brain. It serves as a major contributor to the blood supply of the upper regions of the cerebellum.
The SCA ascends along the brainstem, and as it reaches the upper surface of the cerebellum, it divides into multiple smaller branches. These branches extend to the superior cerebellar fissure, an indentation between the cerebellar hemispheres. From there, the branches penetrate deep into the cerebellar tissue, supplying blood to various regions, including the superior cerebellar peduncle and cerebellar nuclei.
A blockage or occlusion in the superior cerebellar artery can result in insufficient blood supply, leading to ischemia or stroke within the affected territory. The resulting impairment can vary depending on the specific region affected, but commonly presents as symptoms such as coordination difficulties, dizziness, unsteady gait, and muscle weakness.
Understanding the anatomy and function of the superior cerebellar artery is crucial for diagnosing and treating cerebellar and brainstem disorders. Medical professionals often utilize imaging techniques such as computed tomography (CT) scans, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and angiography to visualize blood flow, detect abnormalities, and plan appropriate interventions to restore or improve blood supply and prevent further complications.
