Vero cell cytotoxins are a type of protein produced by certain strains of bacteria, particularly Escherichia coli (E. coli), that have the ability to cause cytotoxic effects on Vero cells. Vero cells are a line of African green monkey kidney cells commonly used in laboratory research.
These cytotoxins, also known as cytotoxins Vero, are usually classified into two major types: Shiga toxin 1 (Stx1) and Shiga toxin 2 (Stx2). Both toxins are encoded by genes present in the bacterial genome, and they act by inhibiting protein synthesis in host cells by damaging the ribosomes, which are crucial for protein production.
When bacterial strains carrying these genes infect a host organism, the Vero cell cytotoxins are released into the surrounding tissues or bloodstream. Then, they can bind to specific receptors on the surface of Vero cells, which triggers the internalization of the protein into the cell. Once inside, the cytotoxin interferes with the cell's protein-making machinery, disrupting essential cellular processes.
The cytotoxic effects of Vero cell cytotoxins can lead to severe symptoms in the affected individual, such as gastrointestinal symptoms, including diarrhea and abdominal pain. In some cases, systemic complications, such as hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), can develop, which can result in kidney failure and other life-threatening complications.
Due to the potential harm caused by Vero cell cytotoxins, their detection and identification in clinical and research settings are crucial for preventing and managing bacterial infections. Various laboratory techniques, including immunoassays and molecular methods, are employed for their detection and characterization.
