X-ray computerized tomography (CT), also known as computed axial tomography (CAT), is a medical imaging technique that uses X-ray technology to produce detailed cross-sectional images of the body. It involves the use of a specialized X-ray machine that rotates around the patient, capturing multiple X-ray images from different angles. These images are then processed by a computer to create a series of cross-sectional slices or "tomograms" that provide a three-dimensional view of the body.
In X-ray CT, the patient lies on a table that moves slowly through the circular opening of the scanner. As the X-ray tube rotates around the body, it emits a series of X-ray beams, which are detected by a set of detectors on the opposite side. This process is repeated for multiple rotations, generating a large number of X-ray projections that are then reconstructed by the computer.
The resulting CT images are highly detailed and can reveal different structures and abnormalities within the body, such as tumors, blood clots, fractures, and organ damage. They provide a more detailed view compared to conventional X-rays and can help diagnose and monitor a wide range of medical conditions.
X-ray CT scans are widely used in various medical specialties, including radiology, oncology, cardiology, and neurology. They are particularly helpful in guiding surgical procedures, treatment planning, and monitoring the effectiveness of certain therapies. However, due to the use of ionizing radiation, CT scans are typically used judiciously and with consideration of the potential risks and benefits.
