Collagen Type XII is a protein belonging to the collagen family, which functions as a major structural component in the extracellular matrix (ECM) of various tissues in the human body. It is encoded by the COL12A1 gene and is primarily synthesized by fibroblasts, a type of connective tissue cell.
Collagen Type XII is classified as a fibril-associated collagen with interrupted triple helices (FACIT). It is primarily found in specific tissues, such as skin, tendons, ligaments, bones, and other connective tissues, where it provides strength, elasticity, and structural support. It plays a crucial role in maintaining the integrity and organization of the ECM, which is essential for tissue development, wound healing, and overall tissue homeostasis.
Some key characteristics of Collagen Type XII include its unique domain structure, comprising collagenous triple helical domains interrupted by non-collagenous domains. These interruptions within the helices contribute to the formation of fibril-associated networks and interactions with other ECM components. Collagen Type XII has been implicated in regulating cell adhesion, cell migration, and tissue remodeling processes by interacting with various integrins, proteoglycans, and other ECM components.
Overall, the presence of Collagen Type XII is crucial for the proper functioning and maintenance of numerous tissues in the body, ensuring their mechanical resistance, flexibility, and structural integrity. Its specific role and functions may vary depending on the target tissue and the physiological context.
