The word "patois" is often misspelled as "patwa" or "patoa". However, the correct spelling is "patois" /ˈpætwɑː/, which is a French term for a regional dialect or language. The IPA phonetic transcription reveals that the "ai" should be pronounced as /ɑː/, which is similar to the "ah" sound in the word "father". Additionally, the final "s" in "patois" is silent, which is a common feature in French words.
Patois refers to a particular regional or social dialect that deviates from the standard form of a language, typically associated with a specific country or community. It is commonly characterized by its unique vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation, which distinguishes it from the official or standard language.
Patois is often derived from a mixture of languages, incorporating elements from the indigenous dialects, colonial languages, immigrant languages, or the original language spoken in the region. It serves as a means of communication within smaller communities or ethnic groups, especially when they are isolated or excluded from the dominant culture or language.
The term "patois" is most frequently employed to describe the Creole languages spoken in former colonies, such as Caribbean patois, Jamaican patois, or Louisiana Creole. However, it can be used more broadly to encompass any non-standard dialect, such as Scottish or Yorkshire dialect in English.
The primary purpose of patois is to facilitate communication within a particular community, giving it a cultural and identity-based significance. Consequently, it often incorporates cultural expressions, idiomatic phrases, and historical references unique to the community. Although patois may not be officially recognized, it plays a vital role in the community's social cohesion and collective consciousness.
However, patois is sometimes stigmatized or viewed negatively as a degradation of the standard language. Its use can lead to language barriers and exclusion from certain domains of society, such as formal education or professional settings. Efforts have been made to promote and preserve patois as part of cultural heritage and linguistic diversity.
The peculiar dialect of the lower classes in any country, and in any district of that country; provincial speech.
Etymological and pronouncing dictionary of the English language. By Stormonth, James, Phelp, P. H. Published 1874.
The word "patois" has its roots in the Old French language. It derives from the Old French term "patois", which meant "local dialect" or "vernacular language". The word itself is believed to have originated from the Latin word "patavium", which referred to the dialect spoken in the city of Padua, Italy. Over time, "patois" came to be used in English to denote non-standard or regional forms of a language, often with a negative connotation.