Procollagen Type II is a protein that plays a crucial role in the structural integrity and function of cartilage. It is an essential component of the extracellular matrix, which provides support and flexibility to various connective tissues in the body.
Procollagen Type II is synthesized and secreted by chondrocytes, the specialized cells found in cartilage. It is initially produced in an inactive form known as procollagen, which undergoes several biochemical modifications before becoming mature collagen. This process involves the removal of specific peptide sequences and the formation of intermolecular disulfide bonds.
Once converted into mature collagen, Type II procollagen forms a triple helix structure, which provides strength and stability to the cartilage matrix. It acts as a scaffold for other components, such as proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans, which help maintain hydration and elasticity of the tissue.
Procollagen Type II is primarily found in hyaline and elastic cartilages, which are present in joints, the rib cage, the respiratory tract, and the ears. It is essential for the proper functioning of these tissues and the prevention of cartilage degenerative diseases, such as osteoarthritis.
In addition, mutations or deficiencies in the genes encoding for Procollagen Type II can lead to various disorders, including various forms of skeletal dysplasia. These conditions are characterized by abnormal cartilage development, abnormal joint formation, and impaired growth.
