Epizootic Cerebrospinal Meningitis (ECM) is a medical condition that affects animals, particularly horses. It is characterized by an acute inflammation of the meninges, the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord. ECM is caused by various strains of bacteria, most commonly Streptococcus equi subspecies equi.
The disease typically spreads rapidly among horses kept in close proximity, particularly within stables or equestrian facilities. It can be transmitted through direct contact with infected animals, as well as through respiratory secretions and contaminated surfaces. Young horses are more susceptible to the disease, but horses of any age can be affected.
Symptoms of ECM include fever, loss of appetite, depression, stiffness of the neck, and a reluctance to move. As the disease progresses, affected horses may develop neurological signs such as circling, head pressing, seizures, and coma. If left untreated, ECM can result in death or long-lasting neurological damage in surviving horses.
Diagnostic tests, including physical examination, blood tests, and cerebrospinal fluid analysis, are used to confirm the presence of ECM. Treatment typically involves the administration of antibiotics to control the bacterial infection and supportive care to manage the associated symptoms.
Prevention of ECM mainly revolves around vaccination, appropriate biosecurity measures, and isolation of infected animals. Regular vaccination of horses, especially those in high-risk areas or involved in close contact with other equines, is vital in preventing outbreaks and reducing the severity of the disease.
